Latest videos
The Enemy’s Friend for Negroes-FE(1)
This is the Full Edition of the video, the Enemy’s Friend For Negroes(1) showing that Friends of those how hated, captured and sold the Negroes as slaves are also Enemies to the Negroes.
It also examined the role of the British in the slave trade and the Freedom struggles in Biafra and Ambazonia today.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
Ripley, G., & Dana, C. A. (Eds.). (1859). The new American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge (Vol. 6). D. Appleton.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. (1792). The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave-trade, in the House of Commons on Monday and Tuesday, April 18 and 19, 1791, Reported in Detail. James Phillips.
Clarkson, T. (1830). Abolition of the African Slave-trade: By the British Parliament (Vol. 2). PA Brinsmade.
N.A(1803) Journals of the House of Commons from June the 15th, 1727 to December the 5th, 1732 in the sixth Year of the Reign of King George the Second
Copley, E. (1836). A history of slavery and its abolition. Sunday-School Union.
Herbert, H. A. (1912). The Abolition Crusade and Its Consequences: Four Periods of American History (No. 80). C. Scribner's Sons.
It Is Written Vs Truth for Negroes-A Reply FE(2)
This is the Full Edition of the response video to some comments we received on some of our previous videos. The comment is below
Mr Himself Alone
Publicly subscribed to you (1 year)
• 4 days ago
You have poor reading comprehension. It says the could not obtain European goods without slaves. Meaning the Fulahs. Sold people. You keep acting like people could not be traded for things. It does not matter who in Africa sold people. The fact is they were sold or traded. Never did I deny that Fulani captured and sold other African tribes. They did. What you want your viewers to believe is that Igbo or Eboe or what you call "Negroes" never did. Even though Olaudah Equiano who was Igbo. Said his people sold slaves.
Mr Himself Alone
Publicly subscribed to you (1 year)
• 11 days ago
Glover formed the nucleus of what is today’s Nigeria’s Army and Police. He started the force with 10 Hausa runaway slaves on 1 June 1863. The group was known as Glover’s Hausas or ‘Glover’s Forty Thieves’.
Mr Himself Alone
Publicly subscribed to you (1 year)
• 1 month ago
Biafra on maps is shown as being where Cameroonian is today and Benin on maps is the southern portion of modern Nigeria
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
N.A(1999) The Nigerian Constitution(Written but not True)
Lugard, F. D. (1922). Dual mandate in British tropical Africa.
Glover, L. E. R. S. (1897). Life of Sir John Hawley Glover. Smith, Elder.
Browne, P. A., & Prichard, J. C. (1850). The Classification of Mankind, by the Hair and Wool of Their Heads: With an Answer to Dr. Prichard's Assertion, that" the Covering of the Head of the Negro is Hair, Properly So Termed, and Not Wool":
Shufeldt, R. W. (1907). The Negro a menace to American civilization. RG Badger.
N.A(1828) Slave Trade Two Volumes
Pinkerton, J. (1807). Modern geography. T Cadell & W Davies.
Harris, T. M. (1841). Biographical Memorials of James Oglethorpe: Founder of the Colony of Georgia in North America. Boston: TM Harris.
Canot, C. (1854). or, Twenty Years of an African Slaver.…. New York.
Middleton, A. (1948). The Strange Story of Job Ben Solomon. The William and Mary Quarterly, 5(3), 342-350.
Ripley, G., & Dana, C. A. (Eds.). (1859). The new American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge (Vol. 6). D. Appleton.
It Is Written Vs Truth for Negroes-A Reply FE(1)
This is the Full Edition of the continuation of our response video to a comment we received on one of our previous videos. The comment is below
Lottie Spence
Lottie Spence • 1 month ago
Yes, the Holy Scriptures said this. Everything in the Holy Bible is facts & truths from the beginning to the end , no contradictions or confusions...period! The Most High God speaks about Every nation & WHAT he's doing to them right now...period. I'm a Negro, Cherokee from the tribe of Jacob's son Gad! Peace
Mr Himself Alone
4 days ago
I do not get how this idea is so complicated for you. They were held captive and items for given in exchange. Once the brandy, rum , cloth , pans, etc. were handed to the Africans of whatever tribe the captives were placed in the custody of the Europeans. Simple
Mr Himself Alone
3 weeks ago
Luke 12:47
“And that servant, which knew his lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.”
King James Version (KJV)
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
Malte-Brun, M. "Universal Geography, or A Description of All the Parts of the World." Vol. IV (1823).
Schön, J. F., & Crowther, S. (1842). Journals of the Rev. James Frederick Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther: Who, Accompanied the Expedition Up the Niger, in 1841, in Behalf of the Church Missionary Society (Vol. 1). Hatchard and son.
Crowther, S., & Taylor, J. C. (1859). The Gospel on the Banks of the Niger.
Sharp, G. (2013). The just limitation of slavery in the laws of God: compared with the unbounded claims of the African traders and British American slaveholders. Cambridge University Press.
Rodwell, J. M. (1910). The Koran: Translated from the Arabic,
Thomas, N. W. (1913). Anthropological Report on the Ibo-speaking Peoples of Nigeria: English-Ibo and Ibo-English dictionary (Vol. 2). Harrison and Sons.
Hunt, J. (1863). On the Negro's place in nature. Trübner, for the Anthropological Society.
Dennett, R. E. (1910). Nigerian Studies: Or, The Religious and Political System of the Yoruba (Vol. 48). Macmillan and Company, limited.
N.A(1789) The Holy Bible
The brain of the Negro-A Reply FE(3)
This is the Full Edition of our response to a comment we received on one of our previous videos from some people who are likely Fulanis. The comments is below
Alasan Bah • 5 days ago
One of the most ridiculous and biased documentary I have ever seen
Mohamed Bah • 2 weeks ago
This is ridiculously fake journalism. Fulanis were themselves enslaved. You're just consumed with bias and hate for the Fulani. All your sources are unreliable. Why don't you try getting the Fulani side of your story ?
Mohamed Bah • 2 weeks ago
@THE RENAISSANCE In conflict situations one party usually suffers more than the other. I'm not the judge of these conflicts but I'm sure courts would deliver justice. Your reports shows open bias and hatred for Fulanis. When a hard working and resourceful nomadic tribe goes about their age-old business of tending to their cattle, there's bound to be conflicts which cannot be resolved simply by your rage and outburst of hatred for these indispensable Fulanis!
Full video is available on Patreon.com, Odysee.com, and crystalviews.net among others. Please note that we did not restrict the full video to Patreon out of a desire to make money but because we observed that the descendants of the slave hunters flag our videos when the full videos are posted openly.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
Foster, W. Z. (1954). The Negro people in American history
Smith, E. W. (1926). THE GOLDEN STOOL.
Berlioux, E. F. (1872). The Slave Trade in Africa in 1872: Principally Carried on for the Supply of Turkey, Egypt, Persia and Zanzibar
Johnston, H. H., & Johnston, H. (1889). The History of a Slave. London: K. Paul, Trench.
Robinson, C. H. (1900). Nigeria: our latest protectorate. H. Marshall and Son.
Jefferson, T. (1776). The declaration of independence.
Orr, C. W. J. (1911). The making of northern Nigeria. Macmillan and Company, Limited.
Hazzledine, G. D. (1904). The white man in Nigeria. E. Arnold.
Lugard, F. D. (1922). Dual mandate in British tropical Africa.
Hume, D. (1742). Essays, Moral and Political.
Brown, R. (1896). The story of Africa and its explorers (Vol. 4). Cassell.
Kisch, M. S. (1910). Letters & Sketches from Northern Nigeria. Chatto & Windus.
The brain of the Negro-A Reply FE(2)
This is the Full Edition of our response to a comment we received on one of our previous videos from someone who is likely Fulani. The comment is below
Mohamed Bah • 2 weeks ago
This is ridiculously fake journalism. Fulanis were themselves enslaved. You're just consumed with bias and hate for the Fulani. All your sources are unreliable. Why don't you try getting the Fulani side of your story ?
Mohamed Bah • 2 weeks ago
@THE RENAISSANCE In conflict situations one party usually suffers more than the other. I'm not the judge of these conflicts but I'm sure courts would deliver justice. Your reports shows open bias and hatred for Fulanis. When a hard working and resourceful nomadic tribe goes about their age-old business of tending to their cattle, there's bound to be conflicts which cannot be resolved simply by your rage and outburst of hatred for these indispensable Fulanis!
Full video is available on Patreon.com, Odysee.com, and crystalviews.net among others. Please note that we did not restrict the full video to Patreon out of a desire to make money but because we observed that the descendants of the slave hunters flag our videos when the full videos are posted openly.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
Robinson, C. H. (1900). Nigeria: our latest protectorate. H. Marshall and Son.
Jefferson, T. (1776). The declaration of independence.
.Jacobs, D. (1987). The brutality of nations. Alfred a Knopf Incorporated.
Sharp, G. (1779). A representation of the injustice and dangerous tendency of tolerating slavery.
Orr, C. W. J. (1911). The making of northern Nigeria. Macmillan and Company, Limited.
Shaw, F. L. (1905). Tropical dependency: An outline of the ancient history of the Western Soudan with an account of the modern settlement of Northern Nigeria.
Hazzledine, G. D. (1904). The white man in Nigeria. E. Arnold.
Moister, W. (1871). A History of Wesleyan Missions: In All Parts of the World, from Their Commencement to the Present Time. E. Stock.
The brain of the Negro-A Reply FE(1)
This is the Full Edition of our response to a comment we received on one of our previous videos from what is likely a Maroon. The comment is below
IAmDameechi @Djuana Beruk I'm Jamaican but unfortunately you are nation less if you are so called black Americans ? there is no black nation
Full video is available on Patreon.com, Odysee.com, and crystalviews.net among others. Please note that we did not restrict the full video to Patreon out of a desire to make money but because we observed that the descendants of the slave hunters flag our videos when the full videos are posted openly.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
.Jacobs, D. (1987). The brutality of nations. Alfred a Knopf Incorporated.
Alexander, A. (1846). A history of colonization on the western coast of Africa. WS Martien.
Johnston, H. H., & Bartholomew, J. G. (1899). history of the colonization of Africa by alien races.
Pickering, C. (1850). The races of man: and their geographical distribution
Reade, W. W. (1864). Savage Africa: Being the Narrative of a Tour in Equatorial, Southwestern, and Northwestern Africa; with Notes on the Habits of the Gorilla; on the Existence of Unicorns and Tailed Men; on the Slave Trade; on the Origin, Character, and Capabilities of the Negro, and on the Future Civilization of Western Africa. Harper.
Hodgson, W. B. (1844). Notes on Northern Africa, the Sahara and Soudan: In Relation to the Ethnography, Languages, History, Political and Social Condition, of the Nations of Those Countries. Wiley and Putnam.
Long, E. (1774). The History of Jamaica: Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of the Island: with Reflections on Its Situation Settlements, Inhabitants, Climate, Products, Commerce, Laws, and Government.. (Vol. 2). T. Lowndes.
Campbell, J. (1851). Negro-mania: Being an Examination of the Falsely Assumed Equality of the Various Races of Men; Demonstrated by the Investigations of Champollion, Wilkinson [and Others] Together with a Concluding Chapter, Presenting a Comparative Statement of the Condition of the Negroes in the West Indies Before and Since Emancipation. Campbell & Power.
Hertslet, E.. (1900). The map of Africa by treaty. v. ii: Nos 95 to 259 Abyssinia to Great Britain and France.
Wadström, C. B. (1789). Observations on the Slave Trade, and a Description of Some Part of the Coast of Guinea, During a Voyage, Made in 1787, and 1788,... by CB Wadstrom. James Phillips.
Goodrich, S. G. (1851). A history of all nations, from the earliest periods to the present time. Miller.
N.A(1897) Liberia Bulletin 10 issued by the American Colonization Society
Johnston, H. H. (1910). The Negro in the new world. Macmillan.
Seddall, H. (1874). The missionary history of Sierra Leone. Hatchards.
Cobb, T. R. R. (1858). An Historical Sketch of Slavery: From the Earliest Periods .
Identity and Self Awareness for Negroes-A Reply FE(3)
This is the Full Edition of the continuation of our response video to a comment we received on one of our previous videos. The comment is below
Berphil buonfilius • 4 days ago
Dearest brother, I appreciate your lectures, as they make a lot of sense, triggering in me questions that I wouldn't have ordinarily asked.
They have helped me a lot.
But I disagree with you on the assertion that the name Igbo was given to us (because I'm an Igbo man) by the British or slave master, as what you present as a prove (that the slave masters called us Ibos) is not a prove at all. That reasoning is too low of you. That a person came to my land, met me and and later called or referred to me in whatever form (maybe in the future) by what he heard me call myself or what my neighbours called me, does not mean that he gave me the name. That is absolutely illogical! The slave masters only called the people (ndị Ịgbo) what the people called themselves. That that is not the case for other groups like the Yorubas and some others does not make the claim false. Yes I do not have a proof here (but there is) that we were called by that name before the arrival of the British or the whites in our land. But it's just the same as you who do not have or is yet to provide a cogent prove that we never bore that name before the arrival of ndị ọcha.
And more over you have mentioned severally that ibo (Igbo) was used to refer to every negro from the bight of Biafra. Does the fact that I and you know that the majority of the slaves were Igbos not make it clear that the slave masters called every one of their slave from that territory i(g)bo because majority of them were Igbos?
If it is not so, i.e., if it is as you claim that the name was given by the slave traders to the entirety of the different ethnic groups shipped through the bight of Biafra or Bonny, why then did the name i(gbo) stock ONLY with the igbo people till today, and not with they entire group of slaves of different ethnic origine from the bight of Biafra?....
Full video is available on Patreon.com, Odysee.com, and crystalviews.net among others. Please note that we did not restrict the full video to Patreon out of a desire to make money but because we observed that the descendants of the slave hunters flag our videos when the full videos are posted openly.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
.Ratzel, F. (1898). The history of mankind (Vol. 3). Macmillan and Company, Limited.
Jacobs, D. (1987). The brutality of nations. Alfred a Knopf Incorporated.
N.A(1855) The palace and park:Its natural history and its portrait Gallery together with a description of Pompeian Court
Edwards, B. (1801). The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies: In 2 vol.: Illustr. with maps (Vol. 2). Stockdale.
Equiano, O. (1794). Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself.
Davis, W. J. (1904). The Nineteenth Century Token Coinage of Great Britain... Dryden Press.
Alexander, A. (1846). A history of colonization on the western coast of Africa. WS Martien.
Bowen, J. W. E. (Ed.). (1896). Africa and the American Negro. Gammon Theological Seminary.
Falconbridge, A. (1788). An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa, by Alexander Falconbridge. James Phillips.
Pinkerton, J. (1802). Modern geography. Vol II
Byrd, A. X. (2006). Eboe, Country, Nation, and Gustavus Vassa’s “Interesting Narrative.” The William and Mary Quarterly, 63(1), 123–148.
Tucker, S. (1853). Abbeokuta: Or, Sunrise Within the Tropics: an Outline of the Origin and Progress of the Yoruba Mission. James Nisbet and Company.
.Burton, R. F. (1863). Wanderings in West Africa from Liverpool to Fernando Po (Vol. 1). Tinsley brothers.
Ross, A. (1658). Pansebeia: Or, a View of All Religions in the World: with the Several Church-governments from the Creation, Till These Times. Also Discovery of All Known Heresies in All Ages and Places: and Choise Observations and Reflections Throughout the Whole... By Alexander Ross. To which is Annexed, the Lives, Actions, and Ends of Certain Notorious Hereticks. With Their Effigies in Copper-plates. John Williams, at the sign of crown, in St. Paul's Church-yard.
Quadrefages, A(1875) The Natural History of Man
The head of the serpent for Negroes-A Reply FE(2)
This is the Full Edition of the continuation of our response video to a comment we received on one of our previous videos. The comment is below
JL Meka • 3 weeks ago (edited)
Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them" Mt.7: 20
@ THE RENAISSANCE you are not the only one who use the Bible to promote his cult. We have now many cults, sects who done the same thing, like the Mohammedan with their allah, the Mormons, the Jehovah's witnesses , and others branches who claim to be christians or not ... The line his already long and you are not and will not be the last one. It seems like every day someone come with his new old belief.
What's happening in Nigeria is not unique in Africa, name me one country in that continent who don't have a foreign country who rule over them. Emotional his the way to reach and to manipulate the African people !
So now let's think a moment :
I am Bantu. My ancestors had to flee their land, their country, 'cause of the Arab Mohammedans invasion and until now we are scattered around the world.
You said that all religious books are fairy tail, but you open ONLY and AGAIN the Bible, to say nonsense. You want to educate people but you can't do it for yourself. A blind, who want to be a guide, a voice of god ^_^ You want to bring back a juju god who write nothing, who talk to no one, who don't need to be worship, but had priests ^_^ So now my questions are :
Who call them to be priests? and to do what ? The God of the Univers of all humanity, for all people is name is juju ? And only one tribe in Nigeria know him, even when he talk to no one ?
Please explain to me how it works
Full video is available on Patreon.com, Odysee.com, and crystalviews.net among others. Please note that we did not restrict the full video to Patreon out of a desire to make money but because we observed that the descendants of the slave hunters flag our videos when the full videos are posted openly.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
.Graves, K. (1878). The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors, Or, Christianity Before Christ: Containing New, Startling and Extraordinary Revelations in Religious History, which Disclose the Oriental Origin of All the Doctrines, Principles, Precepts, and Miracles of the Christian New Testament: and Furnishing a Key for Unlocking Many of Its Sacred Mysteries, Besides Comprising the History of Sixteen Heathen Crucified Gods. Colby and Rich.
Smith, W. (1745). A new voyage to Guinea.
Parsons, J. D. (1895). Our Sun-God: Or Christianity Before Christ. Book Tree.
Graves, K. (1924). The Biography of Satan: Or, A Historical Exposition of the Devil and His Fiery Dominions: Disclosing the Oriental Origin of the Belief in a Devil and Future Endless Punishment; Also, an Explanation of the Pagan Origin of the Scriptural Terms, Bottomless Pit, Lake of Fire and Brimstone, Chains of Darkness, Casting Out Devils, Worm that Never Dieth, Etc. P. Eckler.
Mockler-Ferryman, A. F. (1902). British Nigeria: a geographical and historical description of the British possessions adjacent to the Niger River, West Africa. Cassell, limited.
Kingsley, M. H. B. (1899). West African Studies.
Blumhardt, C. F. (1799). Christian missions: or a manual of missionary geography and history: Edited by C. Barth. Religions Tract Society.
Moll, H. (1711). Atlas Geographus; Or, A Compleat System of Geography, Ancient and Modern: Containing what is of Most Use in Bleau, Varenius, Cellarius, Cluverius, Baudrand, Brietius, Sanson, &c. With the Discoveries and Improvements of the Best Modern Authors to this Time. Illustrated with about 100 New Maps, Done from the Latest Observations. John Nutt.
Swan, C. A. (1909). The Slavery of To-day: Or, The Present Position of the Open Sore of Africa. Pickering & Inglis.
Bosman, W. (1705). A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea: Divided Into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory Coasts. Containing a Geographical, Political and Natural History of the Kingdoms and Countries; with a Particular Account of the Rise, Progress and Present Condition of All the European Settlements Upon that Coast; and the Just Measures for Improving the Several Branches of the Guinea Trade. Illus. with Several Cutts. J. Knapton.
Warneck, J. (1909). The Living Forces of the Gospel: Experiences of a Missionary in Animistic Heathendom. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier.
The head of the serpent for Negroes-A Reply FE(1)
This is the Full Edition of our response video to a comment we received on one of our previous videos. The comment is below
JL Meka • 3 weeks ago (edited)
Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them" Mt.7: 20
@ THE RENAISSANCE you are not the only one who use the Bible to promote his cult. We have now many cults, sects who done the same thing, like the Mohammedan with their allah, the Mormons, the Jehovah's witnesses , and others branches who claim to be christians or not ... The line his already long and you are not and will not be the last one. It seems like every day someone come with his new old belief.
What's happening in Nigeria is not unique in Africa, name me one country in that continent who don't have a foreign country who rule over them. Emotional his the way to reach and to manipulate the African people !
So now let's think a moment :
I am Bantu. My ancestors had to flee their land, their country, 'cause of the Arab Mohammedans invasion and until now we are scattered around the world.
You said that all religious books are fairy tail, but you open ONLY and AGAIN the Bible, to say nonsense. You want to educate people but you can't do it for yourself. A blind, who want to be a guide, a voice of god ^_^ You want to bring back a juju god who write nothing, who talk to no one, who don't need to be worship, but had priests ^_^ So now my questions are :
Who call them to be priests? and to do what ? The God of the Univers of all humanity, for all people is name is juju ? And only one tribe in Nigeria know him, even when he talk to no one ?
Please explain to me how it works
Full video is available on Patreon.com, Odysee.com, and crystalviews.net among others. Please note that we did not restrict the full video to Patreon out of a desire to make money but because we observed that the descendants of the slave hunters flag our videos when the full videos are posted openly.
Full Videos can be found on odyssey.com and Crystalviews.net
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
You are welcome to support us at https://www.paypal.me/OurRenaissance https://bit.ly/2OxCtF8 or at https://www.patreon.com/OurRenaissance
For those that have supported us, we say thank you
REFERENCES
Crummell, A. (1891). Africa and America: Addresses and discourses. Willey & Company.
Wadström, C. B. (1789). Observations on the Slave Trade, and a Description of Some Part of the Coast of Guinea, During a Voyage, Made in 1787, and 1788,... by CB Wadstrom. James Phillips.
Chas, C. (1900). The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God.
Alexander, A. (1846). A history of colonization on the western coast of Africa. WS Martien.
Clarke, R. F. (1889). Cardinal Lavigerie and the African Slave Trade... Longmans.
Beane, J. G. (1898). Cardinal Lavigerie, Primate of Africa (Vol. 5). St. Joseph's Seminary for the Colored Missions.
Tait, W(1851) The Slave-trade Overruled for the Salvation of Africa
N.A(1968) Nigerian-Biafran Relief Situation, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on African Affairs
Drummond, H. (1888). Tropical Africa. London: Hodder and Stoughton.